Georges Cuisenaire (1891 - 1976)
their use was widely promoted by
Caleb Gattegno (1911 - 1988)
the Cuisenaire company was set up in 1954 to market these rods (wooden originally)
and it has Caleb Gattegno's booklets available
this is a fairly conventional coding system (in English anyway)
students quickly become used to the letters
there are various interactive versions of the rods available (e.g. Desmos)
the interactive whiteboard companies usually have have their own versions
it takes time to distribute and collect in the actual boxes of rods but it is well worth the effort
understanding seems to be considerably enhanced through using actual manipulatives
one box usually suffices for 4 students
it can get noisy....
I prefer that students do not build upwards
thanks to Keith Hedger and David Kent (of the Sigma project, 1988)
as well as other aspects,
the rods can be a helpful model
for fractions:
2/3 + 5/6
equations:
ratio:
and simultaneous equations:
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